Building construction.



L. K. DAVIS. v BUILDING GONSTRUGTION. APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 7, 1 907 Patented Mamifi, 1909.

GZAZEU sow/ 4055 FAA,

WITNESSES.

' structures.

LEWIS DAVIS, OF NEW- YORK, N. Y2; ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE L. GALBRAITH, OF NEXVYORK, N. Y. i I

BUILDING EONSTRUCTION.

no. erases.

Application filed Junefi 1907. I Serial No. 377,7429.

To all whom it may concern:

Be itjknown that l, Lewis KjDAvis, and a resident new and: useful improvements in Building Unnstruction, of whicnthe following is a speci fication. I l /ly invention in systems of building construction and its object is to-provide asiniple and'inexpensive fireproof construction for walls or other i will describe myinventionthe following specification and; point out the novel features thereof claims.

by the sides 13, 1301? the block and by the inclose the vertical openings through thepro rnaterial such as vitrified clay. After the loloclrshave been constructed in the desired tially one hasf oi Referring tothe drawings, Figure" 1 is a i I u s side BiV3,tlOIh;Ol' new form of building block which I have invented.- Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig; 3 is a perspective view of a portion of a well made according to my invention with one part broken away to more clearly illustrate the manner in which it is. constructed. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate diagrammatically two other inethods b which alls may he built up ofthese b ecks.

like characters of reference designate cor-' responding parts in all of the figures.

1O designates a tile having a rectangulav body portion .11 extending vertically throughout its height, and two portions 12, i2 projecting horizontally from the same end but from-oppositesides of this body-portion and extending ertically through substanheight of the block. i3,

13 clesignatertlie' the oodles aiiii projecting portions of these blocks are macie iollo'w and are constructed to have openings running-through themv ver tically. Averticelly disposed rib'ls may be )ieced. transversely across the center vof the lalock thus dividing the loody portion into two separate chambers which. are inclosed ends 15, 15 of its body portion. These ends 15', 15 of the body portion of the block and the ends 16, 1% of the projecting portions, togetherwith the sides 113, 13 of the block,

jecting ortions. ii

The ocks may lie-constructed of ceramic Specification of Letters Patent.

relates to an improvement h o 1 chambers within the blocks.

sides of the block. Both Patented. March is, ieoe.

ture. I prefer to salt-glaze them for this purpose. As glazing makes a surface to which plaster and similar material will not adheral prefer to make both of their sides 13,13 with" binding-surfaces. This may he done in many Ways; for examplahy providing u on these surfaces a plurality of parallel meg ribs 17, 17;. i The blocksthus made are light in Weight, as the material of which theyare'constructe'd is more orless form and balie d in the usual manner,"they may be subjected to some treatment to ren-. (let their outer surfaces impervious to nuns-- porous. Glazing their surfaces not only renders them impervious to moisture, but also greatly increases their strength. v

The usual manner oi using these blocks is illustrated .in Fig. 3. From this figure it may be-seen that in any given horizontallayer thefijacljacent blocks are invertedto each other, and that their projecting portions overlap either above or below the similarprojecting portions of its adjacent blocks-..

The other horizontal rows are similarly built-- up with the projecting portions of the blocks]: overlapping one another and in vertical slinernent with the projecting portions of the blocks in the other rows.

Rods or pipes :28 are placed within the. openmgs in the plOjlfifitlng portions or the blocks,,ancl these openings are filled wi h cement or concrete. 21 This is done when the concrete is ins semi-liquid condition so that it may be poured into the desired- The cement or.

concrete will harden Withintliese chambers,

entirely surrounded by the vitrified material thus forming vertical columns which are.

of the blocks and thus become portions of the Wall itself. These'verticalconcrete col A ell thus constructed-may haveits inner andbuter surfaces" covered with stucco or plaster or similar material," and the pro ect-mg ribs 17 will enable such material to firmly cling to the surface, of the blocks. InFigs; 1 and 2 such material is-shown applied to one of the blocksat :18." Such s Wallis easily and quickly set upv lit is constructed to be honeycombeii with a plurality of vertical hollow chambers, and as only one out of every three of these chambers is filled by the concretecolurnns, the others form spaces within the walls.

ice

In Fig. 4 I have shown anotherman 'ier in which the blocks may beset up, and in "Fig, 5 astill further modification of Wall construction is illustrated. In this latter figure {the blocks are staggered and all of the internal chambers within the blocks are filled by concretecolumns which run through thewall the positions indicated at'22 by dotted I am aware that hollow building tileshave beenused for thepui ose of building walls. Those jhei etofore use however, havebe'en capable of absorbing moisture to such an extent that they will transmit it horizontally through-the walls so that it has been necessary to provide -furring' with an air-space between theinner surface ofthe tiles'andthe plaster to prevent discoloration of the in; terior decorations. Such structures are damp and unhealthful.

- This constructionprovides in a. simple and efficient mannerj-a structure which is'light and" stfong, impervious 'to' mlaisture and absolutely fireproof: ,l

' The present'invention is a modification of a construction 'which I have invented and for :which I have made application for Letters having hollow bodies, hollow portionspro-v jecting from opposite sides of one end of said bodies and overlapping similar portions of adjacent blocks of thesame row, and binding surfaces upon the sides of said blocks; and a plurality of continuous columns of concrete,-

said concrete columns passing through the overlapping portions of the blocks and being surrounded thereby.

2. A wall comprising a plurality of blocks having hollow bodies, hollow portions .pro-.

jecting from opposite sides .of-one end of said bodies and overlapping similar pro-c jectin portions of adjacent blocks in the same ayer, and binding surfaces on either side; a; plurality of continuous vertical col-v umns 'ofconcrete, metallic reinforcement within said columns, said columns being j arranged to fill the hollow overlapping portions of all of the blocks and to-be surrounded thereby, and to thereby bind the blocks horizontally and vertically together.

3; A Wall comprising a plurality of hollow blocks, each of said blocks having a body in the form of a hollow shell open at the top and bottom, hollow portions projecting horizon.- tally from opposite sides of one end of said ,body, said projecting portions extending through one half of the vertical heightof the body, said projecting portions being also 0 n at the, top and bottom; and a plurality ,0 continuous vertical columns of concrete,

allof the blocks- 4. Awall comprising aplurality of having hollow bodies of absorbent material having 'salt glazed non-absorbent surfaces, binding surfaces' upon the sides of' said blocks, and a finishingplasticupon the bind glazed non-absorbent surfaces having hollow bodies and binding surfaces on either side, a finishing plasticupon said surfaces, a

plurality of' continuous vertical columns of concrete, metallic reinforcement within the columns, said columns being arranged to fill portions of the hollow bodies of all of the blocks and to be surrounded thereby to bind the blocks horizontally and vertically to-' gether.

6. A wall'comprising a plurality of hollow blocks of absorbent ceramic material with. non-absorbent glazed surfaces, projecting portions'upon said surfaces forming binding surfaces thereon, and a finishing plastic upon said binding surfaces.

metallic reinforcement-Within said columns,- 5 said columns being "arran ed tofill the -hol-. low projecting portions of andtobe surrounded by1said rojecting por tionsandtoflthe eby bind the locks horizontally and vertically together.

1 7. A'wall comprising a pluralityof blocks,

eachhaving a pair of oppositely projecting vertically hollow portions overla ping similar portions of abutting blocks and aving an internal surface impermeable to Water and provided with means for receiving and retaining a finishing plastic, a finishing plastic,

and a plurality of columns of concrete formed in the vertical chambers of the overlapping portions of the blocks after. said blocks have been assembled. r

8. A wall comprising a plurality of hollow blocks. of absorbent ceramic material-with, non-absorbent surfaces, each of said blocks having a body inthe form of a hollow shellopenat the top and bottom, a-pair of oppositely projecting vertically hollow portions of abutting blocks, said projecting portions being also open at the top and bottom, binding surfaces on the sides of the'body and of the projecting portions thereof; a plurality of continuous vertical columns of concrete, me-

tallic reinforcement within said columns, said columns being arranged to fill the hollow projecting portionsof all of the blocks, and to be surrounded by said rojecting portions. and to thereby bind the locks horizontally and-vertically together.

9. A wall comprising a plurality of hollow blocks of absorb ent ceramic materialhaving a non-absorbent-glazed surface, a rojecting portion or portions uponsaid-"bloc forming.

a binding surface thereon, and a' finishing In testimony whereof I have signed my plastic u on said surface. name to this specification in the presence of 10. A uilding block of absorbent ceramic two-subscribing witnesses. material having a non-absorbent glazed sur- LEWIS K.- DAVIS. 5 face; and having projecting means formin s; Witnesses: binding surface 11 on said glazed surface of a I ERNEST W. MARSHALL, the block adapte to holda plastic thereon. ELLA TUCH. 

